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2024考研英语例证题分析2017英语二例证题详解

发布日期：2022-11-15 15:30:25 来源：四川中公考研

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考研英语阅读大纲中有一项要求是考查文章的论证方式及分析文中使用的修辞手法，那么根据考研英语阅读文章多为学术性议论文的特征，我们不难推理出议论文的论证方式其实就是论据证明论点。而这一点，恰恰就是根据考纲要求，量身定制的例证题的考查本质。依照着考查本质，例证题常见的提问方式，就可以大致被总结为被动形式：某事被（作者）提及是为了（证明）什么，和主动形式：（作者）提及某事是为了（证明）什么，这两种句式。故例证题的题干中就会有些词反复出现，如表示事例的单词example、story、experiment、study等，如表示提及的单词mention、cite、quote等，以及表示证明的单词show、indicate、illustrate等。所以例证题可以根据其提问句式的对号入座，再加上一些常见词辅助进行识别。
根据例证题的考查本质是论据证明论点，所以题干问我们某事被提及或提及某事是为了什么，其实就是为了证明论点。梳理清楚这一思路后，我们就可以相应地有步骤性地开始解题。比如以2017年英语二Text2为例。
Text2
(Para.1) With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”
(Para.2) Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
(Para.3) Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
(Para.4) On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.
28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that ______.
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to ______.
30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may ______.
拿到题目首先第一步要去识别题型，根据上述总结句式和经常出现词我们发现，28、29题干均出现例证题的常见经常出现词。28题“Radesky提及‘面无表情实验’是为了证明什么”，符合例证题的主动形式提问。故28题可以顺利识别为例证题。而29题“Tronick提到的压迫性意识形态要求父母做什么”，并未在题干中体现出某事证明了什么，故此题实际为细节题。且在解题时我们还可以进一步确认题型。根据例证题“论据证明论点”的考查本质，再加上英文学术性议论文多为论点在前，论据在后的写作特征。在解例证题时我们就可以先在文中定位出题干提及的论据在何处出现，再往这个论据前最近的位置找出它所证明的论点，最后和选项进行匹配即可解题。28题干中提到的论据为“still face experiment” ，可定位至文章第3段的第2句 Radesky cites the “still face experiment”，后面的 In it, a mother is asked to....则为完整的实验过程。在学术性议论文写作中，当一个实验调查研究论据十分完整且篇幅较长时，作者极有可能会在论据前提出一个观点，在实验结束后又再次总结实验结论。因此28题这道例证题较为特殊，其论据前后都有论点，因此我们可以通读两个论点，再进行解题。
论据前的论点Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. 大意为婴儿会急于看向父母的脸并试图理解父母的世界，若父母一直面无表情那么婴儿会感到很痛苦。论据后的论点“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky. 大意为父母不必一直保持敏感，但父母需要维系一种平衡且对孩子情感需求的言语及非言语表达保持敏感和有所回应。此时我们再去匹配选项。就可以将D项锁定为正确答案。
28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that ______.
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
A项提到对于孩子适应面无表情是很轻松的事情，但文中明确提及，父母的面无表情会让孩子感到痛苦，故easy明显出错。B项说到言语表达对于情感交换不必要，但原文提到父母要对孩子情感需求的言语表达和非言语表达都保持敏感且给予回应，因此unnecessary也明显有误。C项说孩子对父母情绪的转变不敏感，首先此项为论据内信息，且原文说的是当母亲先与孩子正常互动再变得面无表情，孩子会感到痛苦，因此insensitive也明显出错。我们再来看到同样题干中有例证题经常出现词的29题，可将题干中的The oppressive ideology定位至第四段的第一句，若此题为例证题就应往该句前找论点解题，但该句前已经没有内容可以用来解题。且题干问的是“要求父母做什么”，我们可以发现在四段首句的结尾处提到demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children，与题干内容一致，故29题为细节题。题干全部内容可以在文内进行还原解题。
例证题的识别与解题并不难，只要牢记例证题的考查本质为：论据证明论点，那么不论其出现何种论据，只需往该论据前找论点进行解题即可。但还需谨记当论据为完整且较长的实验调查研究论据时，很有可能在论据前后均会出现论点。此时就需对前后论点逐一进行阅读解题。

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