2022考研英语完型-8大逻辑关系,你掌握了吗？

完形填空的20道题共分为三种题型：逻辑关系题、语境题和固定搭配题，其中考察频率最高的就是逻辑关系题。考研英语大纲中规定，完形填空主要考察的重点是考生对语段特征(即连贯性和一致性)的辨识能力，具体来说就是考生对句内逻辑和句间逻辑的理解能力。下面我们以两道题为例，来了解一下历年考题中对句内逻辑和句间逻辑是如何进行考查的。

【例1】 This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 partially toast their bread.

7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid

选项意思为：A忘记，B遗憾、后悔，C完成，D避免。本题中体现的是句内逻辑，并列结构为A, B and C，并列的三者分别是第7空、reject和toast三个动词，语义一致，因此第7空应选择与reject(拒绝)意思相近的词，故答案选D选项。

【例2】Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.

1. [A]pleasant [B]tedious. [C]tricky [D]instructive

选项意思为：A愉快的，B冗长的、单调乏味的，C复杂的，D指导性的。本题中体现的是句间逻辑，第2句开头的But说明第1句与第2句成转折关系。第1句意思为“做一个好的父母是每一个父母的愿望”，第2句意思为“对好父母的定义无疑是非常 ，因为孩子对同一种养育方式反应不同。” 由上下文语义相反可知，此处选择C选项。

除了上面例题提到的and和but以外，还有很多其他的逻辑关系词，具体总结如下：

常考的表示语义一致的逻辑关系词有以下5种：

1.并列关系词：and, as well as, or, too, also, likewise, similarly

2.递进关系词：even, indeed, besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore, not only…but also

3.顺承关系词：then, and, and then, after, before, until, eventually, as

4.总分关系词：generally, in general, on the whole, for example/instance, such as, like, including, particularly, in particular

5.因果关系词：because, owing to, due to, on account of, in that, so, thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, why

常考的表示语义相反的逻辑关系词有以下3种：

1.转折关系词：but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, unfortunately, though, rather, still, otherwise

2.对比关系词：while, whereas, on the contrary, in contrast, some...the other(s)..., most...few..., the majority...the minority..., on the one hand...on the other hand..., for one thing...for another thing...

3.让步关系词：while, though, although, even if, even though, despite, in spite of

要提高完形填空的正确率，大家必须熟练掌握上述8种逻辑关系词，能够准确判断其表示的语义关系是一致还是相反，然后根据语义对应选择最恰当的选项。